The maritime political boundaries of the world by victor. Its unique practical features include systematic examination of all international maritime boundaries worldwide. Handbook on the delimitation of maritime boundaries book summary. Pdf handbook on the delimitation of maritime boundaries. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. The handbook covers legal, technical and practical information deemed essential in negotiating maritime boundary delimitation between coastal states.
List of countries and territories by maritime boundaries. United nations ilibrary handbook on the delimitation of. Maritime boundaries exist in the context of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. The case law provides an in depth understanding of the delimitation of the continental shelf and the exclusive. Political geographers and the oceans the physical nature of oceans and coasts national maritime claims international maritime boundaries international maritime zones the indian ocean the south pacific ocean the south china sea the north pacific ocean the arctic ocean and associated seas the baltic, north and irish seas the. The iho s121 maritime limits and boundaries product specification is designed to provide a suitable format for the exchange of digital vector data pertaining to maritime boundaries. A sound understanding of its key principles and implications was important throughout my time. Developments in maritime boundary law and practice. The delimitation of maritime zones is an important requirement for peaceful relations between neighbouring states. Maritime zones delimitation problems and solutions.
The use of geophysical factors in the delimitation of maritime boundaries. Delimitation of maritime boundaries between adjacent states. Robin cleverly this book provides a userfriendly and practical guide to the modern law of maritime boundary delimitation. Oct 16, 2002 this is the ultimate guide to international maritime boundaries.
The coordinates of points listed in these conventions are vertices of maritime boundaries the maritime boundaries themselves. States need clear maritime boundaries to better put in place zones of responsibilities. Shore and sea boundaries summarizes the technical and legal aspects of determining maritime boundaries in the u. Dec 19, 2017 these examples highlight how boundaries do not only concern the delineation of rights within a maritime space but also the delimitation of responsibility and competence. A practitioners guide to maritime boundary delimitation. The list encompasses adjacent maritime nations and territories with a special focus on the boundaries or borders which distinguish them. An act to provide for certain matters relating to the territorial waters continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones of india.
As such, it usually includes areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. Maritime boundaries and ocean resources book, 1987. Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdictions coastline. International maritime boundaries certainly widens our understanding of the subject. The law of the sea has played a central role in my professional life. Maritime delimitation international law oxford bibliographies. In this context, the traditional political nature of maritime boundaries is being supplemented by economic and even by environmental considerations as part of the evolution of the phenomenon of multiplication of maritime boundaries. Method oppositeness and adjacency and proportionality in maritime boundary. Settlement of disputes over maritime zones involves the application of complex rules of public international law, such as those of the 1982 united nations. Jun 28, 2016 maritime boundaries featured in this layer include territorial waters, bi or multilateral boundaries e. Maritime boundaries are critical elements to the planning of any activity in the ocean realm.
The 1979 convention, adopted at a conference in hamburg, was aimed at developing an international sar plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the rescue of persons in distress at sea will be coordinated by a sar. Be it enacted by parliament in the thirtysecond year of the republic of india as follows. Subject to unclos, every state and vessel enjoy six freedoms in. It also contains information about the peaceful settlement of disputes where negotiations are unsuccessful and the states wish to avail themselves of the dispute settlement. The geneva conventions on the territorial sea and contiguous zone, 1 the continental shelf, 2 the high seas 3 and the united nations law of the sea 4 respectively are recognized as the global legal regime on the seas. Prescott the importance of geographical scale in considering offshore boundary problems ewan anderson the limits of the. Be it enacted by parliament in the twentyseventh year of the republic of india as follows. International maritime boundaries is also available online. Labels for these zones have included warning area, cordon sanitaire, maritime defense zone.
Maritime boundaries delimitation and dispute resolution in. The lowwater line is derived from the coastal states own charts. Those maritime zones of two states frequently meet and overlap, and the line of. The delimitation of maritime zones and boundaries foreseen by the united nations convention on the law of the sea is a factor of economic growth, effective management of the coastal and ocean environment and the cornerstone for maritime spatial planning. Maritime boundaries delimitation and dispute resolution in africa. Maritime limits and boundaries for the united states are measured from the official u. Maritime zones and boundaries delimitation analysis and. Volume one addresses boundary aspects of the submerged lands cases, the subsequent submerged lands acts of 1953. Shalowitz, published in 1962 and 1964, respectively, are considered to be two of the most important references available to the coastal and maritime community. Jul 30, 2012 maritime zones, limits and boundaries boundaries required because of extension of maritime jurisdiction offshore a relatively young process boundaries should produce an equitable division of maritime space provide clarity and certainty to all maritime states serve to minimise risk of disputes and conflict provide security for. International convention on maritime search and rescue sar. The law of maritime delimitation has been mostly developed through the case law of the international court of justice and other tribunals. Establishing maritime boundaries in arctic waters the.
An introduction to maritime zones under the law of the sea. It was the topic of my phd dissertation at the fletcher school. The determination of outstanding maritime boundaries is one of the most strategic challenges for concerned states, and has wideranging geopolitical, economic and environmental implications. A cohesive methodology for the delimitation of maritime zones. View more on our dedicaced website maritime boundaries maritimeboundaries. Rather than having moving maritime boundaries, the baseline is fixed to begin at the lowwater line along the coast. Maritime zones and boundaries form the outermost limits of. Maritime boundary definitions geoscience australia. The delimitation of maritime zones and boundaries foreseen by the united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos is a factor of economic growth, effective management of the coastal and ocean environment and the cornerstone for maritime spatial planning.
The maritime political boundaries of the world prescott, victor, schofield, professor clive on. Territorial seas 12nm contiguous zones 24nm internal waters. The delimitation of maritime zones and boundaries foreseen by the united nations convention on the law of the sea is a factor of economic growth, effective management of the coastal and ocean. Maritime zones are drawn using what the losc calls baselines. Under the unclos, a sea baseline follows the lowwater line of a coastal state fig. A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the earths water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria. The appropriate delineation of maritime boundaries has a lot of strategic, economic and environmental implications. A second trend relates to the identification and use of special circumstances in 24 the delimitation of maritime boundaries achieving equitable boundary delimitations. The specification is customised to ensure the unique features and attributes of maritime boundary information can be exchanged between states. This act defines the internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of guyana, defines the boundaries of those maritime zones and defines jurisdiction and rights of guyana in respect of those zones. This act may be cited as the maritime boundaries act. Various maritime zones are claimed by states seeking exclusive access to the resources of the sea and the seabed fig.
The list encompasses adjacent maritime nations and territories with a special focus on the boundaries or borders which distinguish them for purposes of this list, maritime boundary includes boundaries that are recognized by the united nations convention on the law of the sea, which. Pdf maritime zones delimitation problems and solutions. For example, a baseline is defined as the line from which the seaward limits of a states territorial sea and certain other maritime zones of jurisdiction are measured. There are numerous examples of areas between states with opposite or adjacent coasts where sovereignty over an island or territory may not be contested but the delimitation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone is still pending. Maritime boundary an overview sciencedirect topics. Maritime zones and boundaries form the outermost limits of coastal. These rights need to be balanced with the freedom of navigation and access to resources outside state control the freedom of the seas. Cambridge core public international law maritime boundary delimitation.
The act also concerns, among other things, marine research, mariculture and protection of the. The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone eez, the continental shelf, the high seas and the area. Aug 22, 20 an introduction to maritime zones under the law of the sea. International maritime boundaries is an unmatched comprehensive reference for international state practice concerning maritime boundary delimitation, and is used and referenced widely by practitioners and scholars of international law. Practitioners guide to maritime boundary delimitation. Maritime zones are areas of sea or ocean, which are or will be subjected to national or international authority.
Shalowitz, published in 1962 and 1964, respectively, are considered to be two of the most important references available to the. Practitioners guide to maritime boundary delimitation stephen fietta, robin cleverly on. Maritime boundaries public international law advisory group. The emergence of the new maritime zones significantly increased the importance of maritime boundary delimitation in contemporary international law. Africas maritime boundaries, in accordance with the relevant international regimes, encompass territorial waters, contiguous zones, continental shelf and exclusive economic zones. The maritime political boundaries of the world book, 1985.
International maritime boundaries is also available in print. Handbook on the delimitation of maritime boundaries. Pacific islands regional maritime boundaries project. The delimitation of maritime boundaries sciencedirect. Prior to world war ii state jurisdiction rarely extended more than three nautical miles nm offshore. Maritime zones and boundaries national oceanic and. Books handbook on the delimitation of maritime boundaries this handbook is a useful tool for facilitating the negotiating process to which countries with adjacent or opposite coasts can resort to in case of overlapping claims. This is a list of countries and territories by maritime boundaries with other countries and territories. Exclusive economic zones eez exclusive economic zones boundaries.
Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated through a particular measure from a jurisdictions coastline. Synopsis this book addresses the often vexed question of national maritime claims and the delimitation of international maritime boundaries. The convention parcels the sea into a variety of maritime zones a coastal state may claim see fig. The term territorial sea baseline tsb refers to the line from which the seaward limits of australias maritime zones are measured. The delimitation of african maritime boundaries the delimitation of maritime boundaries remains one of the most complex areas. Global gis data services, llc provides ocean environmental gis databases and services including the industry standard global maritime boundaries database gmbd. The boundaries of these maritime zones between coastal states are established through international agreements entered into by those nations. Each zone grants certain rights to the coastal state and carries certain obligations to the foreign states and vessels. The law of the sea and maritime boundary delimitation in southeast.
International maritime boundaries online is an unmatched comprehensive reference for international state practice concerning maritime boundary delimitation, and is used and referenced widely by practitioners and scholars of international law. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read maritime security and the law of the sea. It also advises private companies on the challenges and risks related to their activities in undelimited maritime areas. Furthermore, they significantly reduce the time of maritime delimitation as they comprise fully automated processes with no need for supervised intervention and, finally, contribute to the correct cartographic portrayal of maritime zones and boundaries. Treaty provisions on maritime boundary delimitation. The law of maritime boundaries has seen substantial evolution in recent decades. Maritime security and the law of the sea ebook written by natalie klein.
International convention on maritime search and rescue sar adoption. Maritime zones introduction the rights of coastal states to regulate and exploit areas of the ocean under their jurisdiction are one the foundations of the losc. The gmbd monitors and stores the claims and boundary agreements of the worlds coastal nations to the ocean including their claims to a territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, exclusive fishing zone, and a. This article will analyse the legal principles and methods which are pertinent and considered by the icj and states for the delimitation of maritime boundaries between adjacent states. Unlike inland waters, coastal waters rise and fall in tides. The gmbd is the standard for maritime jurisdictional studies. What is true for international maritime boundaries also holds for boundaries between states of the united states and for first and secondorder civil divisions of other countries. The conventions contain provisions on the definition and recognition of what constitutes maritime boundaries, and zones, internal waters, territorial sea. Maritime zones, limits and boundaries boundaries required because of extension of maritime jurisdiction offshore a relatively young process boundaries should produce an equitable division of maritime space provide clarity and certainty to all maritime states serve to minimise risk of disputes and conflict provide security for. This book addresses the often vexed question of national maritime claims and the delimitation of international maritime boundaries. Maritime security and the law of the sea by natalie klein. The maritime political boundaries of the world ebook, 2005.
In the past decade there have been a number of cases that raise questions about the consistency and predictability of the jurisprudence concerning this subfield of international law. Download 0 to 360 degrees low res kml change history known issues world 24 nautical miles zone contiguous zone v1 20161021, 44 mb downloads. This is the ultimate guide to international maritime boundaries. The number of undelimited international maritime boundaries is much larger than the number of agreed lines. Introduction national and international maritime zones. From a legal point of view, an international maritime boundary is established by agreement between the parties. The delimitation of maritime boundaries between states, confined in scope to such a relatively narrow band of inshore waters, was therefore generally an infrequent and uncontroversial process. An act of parliament to consolidate the law relating to the territorial waters and the continental shelf of kenya. The two boundaries that define the marine domain of coastal states are examined. Adopting an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to the political geography of the indian ocean, this study analyses the law of the sea, evaluates the national legislation of those indian ocean littoral states which have proclaimed their maritime limits over offshore waters, examines the numerous bilateral and trilateral agreements on continental shelf and seabed limits of the states in the. Mar 02, 2017 what can protect you from toxic people, keep painful memories in their place, keep you safe and strong, and help you manage your feelings. The public international law advisory group assists states in the process of delimitation of their maritime boundaries. The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, the high seas and the area. Using the concept of boundaries, physical and cultural, to understand the development of chinas maritime southeast in late imperial times, and its interactions across maritime east asia and the broader asian seas, these linked essays by a senior scholar in the.
1603 943 560 1330 871 574 740 967 262 749 834 1566 633 1383 378 626 1315 638 343 1256 612 375 43 1476 851 1026 605 311 781 1242 448 121 1003 1445 118 320 808 1294 1581 263 391 395 822 192 306 1461 1245 788 674 673 340